Certificate In Psychology (CPSY) Practice Exam

What is a potential effect of maternal smoking during pregnancy?

1. Development of above-average intelligence in children.

2. Higher likelihood of psychological resilience.

3. Increased risk of low birth weight.

4. Enhanced fetal development.

The correct answer is: Increased risk of low birth weight.

Maternal smoking during pregnancy has been linked to several adverse outcomes for the child, and one significant effect is an increased risk of low birth weight. Smoking introduces harmful substances into the mother's bloodstream and, consequently, into the developing fetus. This exposure can restrict fetal growth and lead to lower-than-average weight at birth. Low birth weight is associated with various health complications, both immediate and long-term, affecting the child's physical and cognitive development. The other options do not reflect the known risks associated with maternal smoking. For instance, there is no evidence to support that maternal smoking leads to above-average intelligence or psychological resilience in children, nor does it enhance fetal development. Instead, smoking poses risks that can negatively impact a child's health outcomes. Thus, the correct answer highlights a well-documented consequence of smoking during pregnancy.