Certificate In Psychology (CPSY) Practice Exam

To which developmental aspect does increasing myelination contribute during early childhood?

1. Cognitive development

2. Physical growth

3. Emotional growth

4. Social functioning

The correct answer is: Cognitive development

Increasing myelination significantly contributes to cognitive development during early childhood. Myelination is the process by which a fatty substance called myelin wraps around the axons of neurons, which enhances the speed and efficiency of neural communication. This process is particularly critical during early childhood when the brain is experiencing rapid growth and organization. As myelination increases, children develop improved cognitive abilities such as attention, memory, and information processing. The connections between different brain regions become faster and more efficient, facilitating learning and problem-solving skills. This neurological growth supports the foundation for later academic achievement and cognitive tasks. While physical growth, emotional growth, and social functioning are also essential aspects of development, they are less directly impacted by myelination compared to cognitive development. Physical growth is more related to bodily changes, emotional growth involves the development of feelings and emotional regulation, and social functioning pertains to interactions with others—all of which can be influenced by cognitive functions but are not directly driven by the process of myelination.